Risks and Benefits of Clinical Diagnosis Around the Time of Dementia Onset.

Diagnostic delay in dementia is common in the U.S. Drivers of diagnostic delay are poorly understood, but appear related to misconceptions about dementia, stigma, concerns about autonomy, the nature of the diagnostic process, and provider-related factors. There is little quantitative evidence underlying cited risks and benefits of receiving a diagnosis around the time of dementia onset, including impacts on physical health, impacts on mental health, care partner interactions, costs of care, increased time for care planning, or earlier access to treatment. While various groups continue to push for reductions in diagnostic delay, realization of benefits and mitigation of harms will require new research on potential benefits and harms. Workforce and resource constraints, coupled with the expected growth in the number of persons living with dementia, may be a barrier to realization of potential benefits and mitigation of identified harms, which will require adequate access to providers, services, and supports.

Impacto econômico da implementação de políticas públicas para distúrbios de sono no Brasil: uma revisão integrativa / Economic impact of the implementation of public policies for sleep disorders in Brazil: an integrative review

Objetivo: Identificar estudos sobre políticas públicas, ações de saúde e análises econômicas relacionados aos distúrbios de sono no Brasil e discutir os seus resultados para o sistema de saúde, gestores de políticas públicas e a sociedade. Métodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases de dados Lilacs (via BVS), SciELO e PubMed (via Medline), incluindo estudos publicados nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, entre os anos de 1960-2023; foram excluídos estudos que não apresentaram a perspectiva brasileira ou aqueles cuja versão integral não estava disponível (seja gratuitamente ou na versão paga). Resultados: A busca retornou 536 resultados, dos quais apenas dois atendiam aos critérios de inclusão e mais cinco trabalhos foram incluídos manualmente, após consulta com especialistas de sono (todos abordaram apneia obstrutiva do sono, sendo: um relato sobre alteração na legislação de trânsito focada em prevenção de acidentes por sonolência excessiva; uma revisão de escopo sobre análises de custo-efetividade do tratamento da doença com uso de CPAP; dois relatos sobre linha de cuidado em um município e outros três em Secretarias Estaduais de Saúde). Conclusões: A revisão integrativa encontrou poucas evidências acerca do tema e aponta para a necessidade de futuros estudos que visem a suprir essa lacuna científica e de que seja necessário o desenvolvimento de futura linha de cuidado que amplie o acesso ao tratamento de doenças do sono no Sistema Único de Saúde.

Objective: To identify studies on public policies, health actions, and economic analyses related to sleep disorders in Brazil and discuss their results for public policy managers and society. Methods: Integrative literature review using Lilacs (via BVS), SciELO, and PubMed (via Medline) databases, including studies published in Portuguese, English, and Spanish languages, between years of 1960-2023; studies that did not present the Brazilian perspective or whose full version was not available were excluded (free or paid version). Results: The search returned 536 results, of which only two met the inclusion criteria, and five more studies were included manually after consulting sleep experts (all addressing obstructive sleep apnea, namely: a report on changes in traffic legislation focused on preventing accidents caused by excessive sleepiness; a scoping review on cost-effectiveness analysis of CPAP for sleep apnea treatment; two reports on care lines in one municipality and another three in State Secretariats). Conclusions: The integrative review found few evidences on the topic and points to the need for future studies aimed at filling this scientific gap and the development of a care line that expands access to sleep disorder treatment in Brazilian Public Health System.

Adults Without Advocates and the Unrepresented: A Narrative Review of Terminology and Settings.

Socially isolated adults, including those with and without the ability to make medical decisions, are encountered in clinical practice and are at risk for adverse health outcomes. Consensus is lacking on appropriate terminology to describe subpopulations of these patients. In addition, little is known about the settings in which they present. These gaps prevent clinicians and policymakers from identifying and understanding these populations and deploying appropriate resources to meet their complex needs. We conducted a narrative review of literature on socially isolated adults aged 50 and older to assess and integrate the available evidence regarding the terminology used to describe unrepresented patients and adults without advocates to inform consensus on terminology. We also identified the settings in which unrepresented patients and adults without advocates are described in the literature, including both within and outside health care settings. Our results indicate that there is heterogeneity and inconsistency in the terminology used to describe socially isolated adults, as well as heterogeneity in the settings in which they are identified in the literature. Our findings suggest that future work should include achieving consensus on terminology and integrating proactive interdisciplinary interventions across health systems and communities to prevent adults without advocates from becoming unrepresented.

Embarque na residência integrada em saúde: relato de experiências com ênfase em saúde coletiva / Boarding on the integrated health residence: report of experiences with emphasis on public health / Abordaje de la residencia sanitaria integrada: relato de experiencias con énfasis en salud pública

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de relatar a experiência de imersão na especialização com caráter de residência integrada com ênfase em Saúde Coletiva. Trata- se de um estudo descritivo, qualitativo, utilizando-se como referencial teórico para descrição a observação participante, memória afetiva, diário de bordo e da textualização. Foi desenvolvido na Residência Integrada em Saúde, da Escola de Saúde Pública do Estado do Ceará, ênfase em Saúde Coletiva, no período de dois anos, em Fortaleza, Ceará. Os cenários de prática foram setores relacionados à Atenção Primária à Saúde, Vigilância Epidemiológica, Sanitária e Ambiental, Controle de Endemias e Zoonoses, Imunização, além dos espaços de gestão, assistência e controle social. A imersão na especialização em caráter de residência viabilizou ferramentas para a vivência, por meio da interprofissionalidade e integração contínuas, e da realização das atividades, circulação de informações, compreensão das experiências, entendimento de macroprocessos, políticas e indicadores. Rodas de Campo e de Equipe viabilizaram o aprofundamento das temáticas administrativa, formativa, teórica e terapêutica. Percebeu-se resistência e desejo de remodelações, mediante inovação e diálogo intersetorial. A relação entre as categorias profissionais e ser sanitarista foi desafiadora. Oportunizou-se, também, habilidades de gestão, autonomia e governança, com pluralidade formativa e riqueza de atuação. A vivência favoreceu a percepção do programa de residência como processo formativo plural e significativo. O elemento político se destacou como base para a formação dos residentes e fortalecimento do sistema de saúde, e a residência integrada em saúde, como modalidade diferenciada de formação, com desafios e potencialidades.

The object of this study was to report the experience of immersion in the specialization as an integrated residency with emphasis on Public Health. A descriptive, qualitative study, of the experience report type, using participant observation, affective memory, logbook and textualization as theoretical references for description. It was developed in the Integrated Residency in Health, of the School of Public Health. emphasis on Public Health, during two years, in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. The practice scenarios were sectors related to Primary Health Care, Epidemiological, Sanitary and Environmental Surveillance, Endemic and Zoonosis Control, Immunization, in addition to management, assistance and social control spaces. The immersion in the specialization in a residency character has enabled tools for the experience, through continuous interprofessionalism and integration, and the realization of activities, circulation of information, understanding of experiences, understanding of macro processes, policies and indicators. Field and team meetings made it possible to deepen the administrative, formative, theoretical, and therapeutic themes. Resistance and a desire for remodeling was perceived, through innovation and intersectoral dialogue. The relationship between the professional categories and being a sanitarian was challenging. It also provided opportunities for management skills, autonomy, and governance, with formative plurality and richness of action. The experience favored the perception of the residency program as a plural and significant formative process. The political element stood out as the basis for training residents and strengthening the health system, and the integrated health residency as a differentiated training modality, with challenges and potentialities.

El objeto de este estudio fue relatar la experiencia de inmersión en la especialización como residencia integrada con énfasis en Salud Pública. Estudio descriptivo, cualitativo, del tipo relato de experiencias, utilizando la observación participante, la memoria afectiva, la bitácora y la textualización como referentes teóricos para la descripción. Se desarrolló en la Residencia Integrada en Salud, de la Escuela de Salud Pública. énfasis en Salud Pública, durante dos años, en Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Los escenarios de la práctica fueron sectores relacionados con la Atención Primaria de Salud, Vigilancia Epidemiológica, Sanitaria y Ambiental, Control de Endemias y Zoonosis, Inmunización, además de espacios de gestión, asistencia y control social. La inmersión en la especialización en carácter de residencia ha posibilitado herramientas para la experiencia, a través de la continua interprofesionalidad e integración, y la realización de actividades, circulación de información, comprensión de experiencias, entendimiento de macro procesos, políticas e indicadores. Reuniones de campo y de equipo posibilitaron la profundización de los temas administrativos, formativos, teóricos y terapéuticos. Se percibieron resistencias y deseos de remodelación, a través de la innovación y el diálogo intersectorial. La relación entre las categorías profesionales y el ser sanitario fue desafiante. También proporcionó oportunidades para la capacidad de gestión, autonomía y gobernanza, con pluralidad formativa y riqueza de acción. La experiencia favoreció la percepción del programa de residencia como un proceso formativo plural y significativo. Se destacó el elemento político como base para la formación de residentes y fortalecimiento del sistema de salud, y la residencia integrada en salud como modalidad formativa diferenciada, con desafíos y potencialidades.

The Influence of Emotional Framing and Graph Complexity on Biases in Graphical Memory for COVID-19 Data in a Lifespan Sample.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the biggest recent threats to public health. People rely on news for up-to-date information during such major events, but news is often emotional in nature, which can affect how we learn and remember information. Additionally, graphs are widely used in news, but comprehension and memory for graphical information can be influenced by various factors, including emotions. We tested how the emotional framing of news would affect graphical memory across the lifespan. Participants studied a graph showing the number of weekly or daily new COVID-19 deaths after reading COVID-19 news framed as more positive or negative. Participants also reported their attitudes toward the pandemic, political leaning, news consumption habits, mood, and need for cognition. There was no overall difference in memory across conditions or age, but memory was more biased by the emotional framing of the news when the graphs were less visually complex. A number of exploratory correlations are also discussed. The findings indicate that framing news with a more positive or negative lens can bias understanding of and memory for related graphical information in some cases and can have implications for improving media literacy and public health compliance.

The Text4HealthyAging Program: An Evidence-Based Text Messaging Innovation to Support Healthy Urban Aging in Canada and Australia.

Age-friendly cities are crucial to achieve the WHO goal of healthy aging. Such cities promote opportunities for health, participation, and security, thus enhancing quality of life as people age. Older people commonly experience psychosocial challenges such as anxiety, depression, substance abuse, loss of autonomy, grief, fear, and loneliness. Australian and Canadian cities continue to seek innovation to improve healthy urban aging and create more age-friendly environments for older adults. There is increasing evidence on the effectiveness and feasibility of mobile technology in health promotion and closing psychological treatment gaps. Older adults have been demonstrated to engage frequently with mobile devices, particularly text messaging. In this article, we conceptualize the Text4HealthyAging, an evidence-based text messaging innovation to support healthy urban aging in Canadian and Australian cities.

Concepções em disputa no uso da suplementação e/ou fortificação de micronutrientes na alimentação escolar para prevenção da anemia / Conceptions in dispute in the use of micronutrient supplementation and/or fortification in school programs for prevention of anemia / Concepciones en disputa en el uso del uso de suplementos y/o enriquecimiento de micronutrientes en la alimentación escolar para la prevención de la anemia

Resumo: A anemia por deficiência de ferro afeta, mundialmente, diferentes populações e, no Brasil, é uma das principais carências nutricionais na infância. Diferentes estratégias são propostas por organismos internacionais e pelo Ministério da Saúde para sua prevenção. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar as ideias em disputa, presentes em documentos oficiais e narrativas dos profissionais da saúde e educação acerca do uso da suplementação e/ou fortificação nutricional como medida de prevenção da anemia no âmbito escolar. Baseou-se na análise de documentos governamentais e entrevistas semiestruturadas com profissionais atuantes em municípios que implementaram a estratégia de fortificação da alimentação escolar (NutriSUS) no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. As ideias disseminadas nos documentos governamentais ressaltam a eficiência da suplementação e da fortificação caseira para prevenção de anemia, com base em pesquisas científicas e se adequa aos objetivos das políticas públicas neles formalizados. As ideias presentes nas narrativas dos profissionais são, por vezes, críticas à necessidade desse tipo de intervenção e, por outras, favoráveis, indicando as controvérsias presentes no próprio processo de operacionalização local das políticas federais. Observaram-se tensões em torno dos conceitos de promoção, prevenção e tratamento por meio do NutriSUS, da dosagem e da forma de administração. As críticas à suplementação ressaltam as práticas alimentares saudáveis como estratégia preferencial. A medicalização em detrimento de ações de promoção da saúde pode tencionar a perspectiva pedagógica no contexto escolar e produzir ideias contraditórias sobre as melhores estratégias de promoção de alimentação saudável.

Abstract: Iron deficiency anemia affects different populations worldwide, and in Brazil it is one of the principal childhood nutritional deficiencies. Different strategies have been proposed by international agencies and the Brazilian Ministry of Health for its prevention. The study aimed to analyze the ideas in dispute, expressed in official documents and narratives by health and education workers concerning the use of nutritional supplementation and/or fortification as a measure in schools to prevent anemia. The study was based on government documents and semi-structured interviews with workers in municipalities that implemented the school food fortification strategy (NutriSUS) in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The ideas expressed in the government documents highlight the efficiency of home supplementation and fortification for prevention of anemia, based on scientific studies and adjusted to the objectives of the public policies set out in them. Some ideas in the workers' narratives are critical of the need for this type of intervention, others they favor them, indicating controversies in the process of local operationalization of federal policies. Tensions were observed in the concepts of promotion, prevention, and treatment through NutriSUS, dosage, and form of administration. Criticisms of supplementation highlight healthy eating practices as the best strategy. Medicalization rather than health promotion measures can strain the pedagogical perspective in schools and produce contradictory ideas on the best strategies for the promotion of healthy eating.

Resumen: La anemia por deficiencia de hierro afecta mundialmente a diferentes poblaciones y, en Brasil, es una de las principales carencias nutricionales durante la infancia. Se proponen diferentes estrategias por parte de organismos internacionales y el Ministerio de Salud para su prevención. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las ideas en disputa, presentes en documentos oficiales y narraciones de los profesionales de salud y educación, acerca del uso de los suplementos y/o enriquecimientos nutricionales, como medida de prevención de la anemia en el ámbito escolar. Se basó en el análisis de documentos gubernamentales y entrevistas semiestructuradas con profesionales que actuaban en municipios que implementaron la estrategia de fortificación de la alimentación escolar (NutriSUS) en el estado de Río de Janeiro. Las ideas difundidas en los documentos gubernamentales resaltan la eficiencia de la suplementación y del enriquecimiento alimenticio casero para la prevención de anemia, basadas investigaciones científicas, y se adecua a los objetivos de las políticas públicas en ellos formalizados. Las ideas presentes en las narraciones de los profesionales son, a veces, críticas con la necesidad de este tipo de intervención y, otras veces, favorables, indicando las controversias presentes en el propio proceso de operacionalización local de las políticas federales. Se observaron tensiones en torno a los conceptos de promoción, prevención y tratamiento mediante NutriSUS, así como sobre la dosificación y la forma de administración. Las críticas a los suplementos resaltan las prácticas alimentarias saludables como estrategia preferente. La medicalización en detrimento de acciones de promoción de la salud puede tensionar la perspectiva pedagógica en el contexto escolar y producir ideas contradictorias sobre las mejores estrategias de promoción de alimentación saludable.

Implantação do Programa de Assistência às Pessoas com Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica na Estratégia Saúde da Família / Implementation of the Program of Assistance to the Person with Hypertension in the Family Health Strategy

Resumo Introdução Desde os anos 2000, existe no Brasil um plano para reorganização da atenção à hipertensão arterial, contudo ainda são escassos estudos que identifiquem e classifiquem seu grau de implantação. Objetivo Avaliar o grau de implantação do Programa de Assistência às Pessoas com Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica. Método Pesquisa avaliativa realizada na Estratégia Saúde da Família do município de Maringá, Paraná, entre abril e junho de 2013, com os enfermeiros de 63 equipes. O instrumento utilizado avaliou as dimensões estrutural, prática assistencial e organização da atenção, com escore máximo de 337 pontos. Foram adotados tercis como critério para a classificação: incipiente (1º tercil), intermediário (2º tercil) e avançado (3° tercil). Resultados Os escores obtidos variaram de 146,3 a 255,4 pontos. O Programa foi classificado como avançado em quatro equipes (6,3%) e intermediário nas demais (93,7%). Na dimensão estrutural, todas as equipes foram classificadas como avançadas; na prática assistencial, 16 equipes foram incipientes, 43, intermediárias, e 4, avançadas; na organização da atenção, 4 equipes foram incipientes, 58, intermediárias, e 1, avançada. Conclusão Existem fragilidades na implantação do Programa em relação à organização da atenção e na assistência prestada aos pacientes, requerendo preparo profissional e atuação baseada em políticas públicas e protocolos assistenciais.

Abstract Background Since the 2000s, there has been a plan in Brazil for the reorganization of care for Arterial Hypertension. However, there are still few studies that identify and classify its degree of implementation. Objective To assess the degree of implementation of the Assistance Program for People with Hypertension. Method This is evaluative research carried out in the Family Health Strategy in the city of Maringá-Paraná, between April and June 2013, with nurses from 63 teams. The instrument used evaluated the structural dimensions, care practice, and organization of care, with a maximum score of 337 points. Tertiles were adopted as criteria for classification: incipient (1st tertile), intermediate (2nd tertile), and advanced (3rd tertile). Results The scores obtained ranged from 146.3 to 255.4 points. The Program was classified as advanced in four teams (6.3%) and intermediate in others (93.7%). In the structural dimension, all teams were advanced; in care practice, 16 teams were incipient, 43 intermediate, and four advanced; in the organization of care, four teams were incipient, 58 intermediate, and one advanced. Conclusion There are weaknesses in the implementation of the Program concerning the organization and care provided to patients, requiring professional training and action based on public policies and protocols.

#CienciaenelParlamento: la necesidad de una oficina parlamentaria de asesoramiento científico y tecnológico / #CienciaenelParlamento: the need for a parliamentary office of science and technology advice

Uno de los objetivos de la iniciativa ciudadana #CienciaenelParlamento es contribuir al establecimiento de una oficina parlamentaria de asesoramiento científico y tecnológico en las Cortes Generales. Dicha oficina estaría encargada de favorecer espacios de confluencia entre el conocimiento científico y las políticas públicas, y fomentar el debate entre políticos, expertos y la sociedad en general. En este artículo se revisan los principales mecanismos parlamentarios de asesoramiento científico, con especial atención a uno de ellos: las oficinas parlamentarias de asesoramiento científico y tecnológico. Estas oficinas existen en 22 parlamentos en todo el mundo, pero en España no. En segundo lugar, se describe la acción realizada por #CienciaenelParlamento en su colaboración con el Congreso de los Diputados durante la XII Legislatura, que culminó con unas jornadas en noviembre de 2018 en las que más de 200 científicos y casi 100 diputados debatieron sobre 12 temas de actualidad con el conocimiento científico más actualizado. Gracias a esta colaboración, el Congreso ha dado los primeros pasos para el establecimiento oficial de una oficina de asesoramiento científico. Por último, se exponen algunos ejemplos de cómo la acción de estas oficinas parlamentarias de asesoramiento científico y tecnológico en otros países se imbrica con la de otros agentes para un mayor debate público y la tramitación de mejores políticas públicas en temas de salud y otras áreas. Como conclusión, desde #CienciaenelParlamento creemos que una oficina asesora ayudaría a enriquecer el ecosistema ciencia-política en España. (AU)

One of the aims of the citizen's initiative #CienciaenelParlamento is helping to establishing a parliamentary office of scientific and technological advice in the Spanish parliament. Said office would be in charge of fostering networking spaces between scientific knowledge and public policies and of triggering public debate between policy-makers, experts and the general public. In this article, we first review the main parliamentary mechanisms of scientific advice, with special attention to one in particular: parliamentary offices of scientific and technological advice. These offices exist in 22 parliaments worldwide, but there are none in Spain. Second, we describe the activity undertaken by #CienciaenelParlamento in its collaboration with the Congress of Deputies during the 12th Spanish Legislature. This collaboration reached its peak with a two-day networking event in November 2018 with over 200 scientists and almost 100 deputies, who all debated twelve topics of social interest and the most up-to-date scientific knowledge. Thanks to this collaboration, the Congress has taken the first steps towards officially establishing a parliamentary science advice office. Lastly, we enumerate some examples about how these parliamentary offices in other countries have contributed with other stakeholders to better public debate and processing of public policies in public health and other areas. To conclude, we at #CienciaenelParlamento believe that a parliamentary science advice office would help to enhance the science-policy ecosystem in Spain. (AU)

Moving from "Do Not Resuscitate" Orders to Standardized Resuscitation Plans and Shared-Decision Making in Hospital Inpatients.

Not for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (No-CPR) orders, or the local equivalent, help prevent futile or unwanted cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The importance of unambiguous and readily available documentation at the time of arrest seems self-evident, as does the need to establish a patient's treatment preferences prior to any clinical deterioration. Despite this, the frequency and quality of No-CPR orders remains highly variable, while discussions with the patient about their treatment preferences are undervalued, occur late in the disease process, or are overlooked entirely. This review explores the evolution of hospital patient No-CPR/Do Not Resuscitate decisions over the past 60 years. A process based on standardized resuscitation plans has been shown to increase the frequency and clarity of documentation, reduce stigma attached to the documentation of a No-CPR order, and support the delivery of medically appropriate and desired care for the hospital patient.

Equidade e judicialização de medicamentos: perfil das demandas à Secretaria de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul pelos usuários de Porto Alegre / Equity and judicialization of medicines: profile of the demands made to the Health Secretariat of Rio Grande do Sul by users in Porto Alegre

O provimento de medicamentos por meio de ordens judiciais tem levado a amplas discussões em virtude de sua magnitude e de seu grande impacto na gestão dos recursos públicos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar as demandas judiciais para a obtenção de medicamentos e comparar os quartis socioeconômicos na judicialização de medicamentos. Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal retrospectivo das demandas judiciais por medicamentos ajuizadas por usuários de Porto Alegre contra a Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul no período de março de 2017 a fevereiro de 2018 e deferidas a favor dos requerentes. Dos processos analisados, 77,5% foram ajuizados pela Defensoria Pública Estadual, porém cerca de 60% foram provenientes de usuários com melhores condições socioeconômicas e mais acesso a informações sobre seus direitos, residindo em áreas com melhores Índices de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal. Além disso, 72,1% dos usuários possuíam prescrições médicas originadas em serviço privado e misto; e 72,3% dos medicamentos solicitados foram considerados como "fora de lista". Os dados revelaram que a judicialização pode contrariar o princípio da equidade previsto nas políticas públicas de saúde relacionadas à assistência farmacêutica. A criação de uma Comissão de Farmácia e Terapêutica Estadual e o emprego da avaliação de tecnologias em saúde podem subsidiar as decisões judiciais e auxiliar na elaboração de pareceres técnicos e protocolos clínicos.

The provision of medicines through court orders has led to wide discussions due to its magnitude and its great impact on the management of public resources. The objective of this study was to characterize the judicial demands for obtaining medicines and to compare the socioeconomic quartiles in the judicialization of medicines. A retrospective cross-sectional observational study of judicial demands for medications filed by users in Porto Alegre against the State Health Secretariat of Rio Grande do Sul from March 2017 to February 2018 and granted in favor of the claimants was carried out. Of the cases analyzed, 77.5% were filed by the State Public Defender's Office, but around 60% were from users with better socioeconomic conditions and more access to information about their rights, residing in areas with better Municipal Human Development Indexes. In addition, 72.1% of the users had medical prescriptions originated from private and mixed services; and 72.3% of the requested medications were considered as "off the list". The data revealed that judicialization may contradict the principle of equity foreseen in public health policies related to pharmaceutical care. The creation of a State Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee and the use of health technology assessment could subsidize court decisions and assist in the elaboration of technical opinions and clinical protocols.

[#CienciaenelParlamento: the need for a parliamentary office of science and technology advice]. / #CienciaenelParlamento: la necesidad de una oficina parlamentaria de asesoramiento científico y tecnológico.

One of the aims of the citizen's initiative #CienciaenelParlamento is helping to establishing a parliamentary office of scientific and technological advice in the Spanish parliament. Said office would be in charge of fostering networking spaces between scientific knowledge and public policies and of triggering public debate between policy-makers, experts and the general public. In this article, we first review the main parliamentary mechanisms of scientific advice, with special attention to one in particular: parliamentary offices of scientific and technological advice. These offices exist in 22 parliaments worldwide, but there are none in Spain. Second, we describe the activity undertaken by #CienciaenelParlamento in its collaboration with the Congress of Deputies during the 12th Spanish Legislature. This collaboration reached its peak with a two-day networking event in November 2018 with over 200 scientists and almost 100 deputies, who all debated twelve topics of social interest and the most up-to-date scientific knowledge. Thanks to this collaboration, the Congress has taken the first steps towards officially establishing a parliamentary science advice office. Lastly, we enumerate some examples about how these parliamentary offices in other countries have contributed with other stakeholders to better public debate and processing of public policies in public health and other areas. To conclude, we at #CienciaenelParlamento believe that a parliamentary science advice office would help to enhance the science-policy ecosystem in Spain.

Maintaining Resident Social Connections During COVID-19: Considerations for Long-Term Care.

Worldwide, long-term care (LTC) homes have been heavily impacted by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The significant risk of COVID-19 to LTC residents has resulted in major public health restrictions placed on LTC visitation. This article describes the important considerations for the facilitation of social connections between LTC residents and their loved ones during the COVID-19 pandemic, based on the experiences of 10 continuing care homes in Alberta, Canada. Important considerations include: technology, physical space, human resource requirements, scheduling and organization, and infection prevention and control. We describe some of the challenges encountered when implementing alternative visit approaches such as video and phone visits, window visits and outdoor in-person visits, and share several strategies and approaches to managing this new process within LTC.

Assessing Diabetes Risk Factors in Rural Dwelling Grandparent Caregivers.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to assess type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk factors in grandparent caregivers living in a rural environment. METHODS: Clinical measures (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c], blood pressure, and lipids) and self-reported data on social environment factors were attained. Data were analyzed via Pearson's correlation and regression models. RESULTS: By clinical definition of diabetes (HbA1c ≥ 6.5%), 21% were prediabetic and 28% had undiagnosed T2DM. There was an association between the number of individuals in the home and triglycerides (r = -.25), high-density lipoproteins (HDL; r = .43), and body mass index (BMI; r = .39). Guardianship status had a significant association with BMI (r = -.38). There was a significant association between low-density lipoprotein (LDL; r = -.32) and access to community shared resources. In the adjusted linear model, the number of grandchildren in the home had a significant relationship with HDL (ß = .012, p = .021) whereas the number of individuals living in the home had a statistically significant relationship with HDL (ß = .026, p < .000) and BMI (ß = .046, p = .02). In addition, 15% of participants reported being food insecure. DISCUSSION: Efforts are needed to identify and screen at-risk populations living in geographically isolated areas. Considerations should be given to leveraging existing community resources for grandparent caregivers via schools, health systems, and government agencies to optimize health and well-being.

Enfermagem e políticas públicas para reduzir a mortalidade materna em Morelos, Mèxico / Enfermería y políticas públicas para reducir la mortalidad materna en Morelos, México / Nursing and public policies to reduce maternal mortality in Morelos, Mexico

Objectives: to identify the public policy mechanisms for reducing maternal mortality and to analyze the participation of nursing personnel in such mechanisms. Method: qualitative study, for the data collection semi-structured interviews were carried out with the administrative staff, nurses from public health services and pregnant women in Mexico. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed. Results: the public policy mechanisms designed to reduce maternal mortality in Morelos include the national "Even Start in Life" program, prenatal care delivered by nursing professionals, and basic information regarding maternal mortality delivered to women, to reduce the maternal mortality. The primary challenges to properly delivering these services include a general lack of coordination between relevant committees and stakeholders, and barriers that women face accessing care. Conclusions: there are very limited actions in the design of public policies for reducing maternal mortality led by nursing personnel.(AU)

Objetivos: identificar os mecanismos de políticas públicas para redução da mortalidade materna e analisar a participação da equipe de enfermagem em tais mecanismos. Método: estudo qualitativo, para a coleta de dados foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com gestores, enfermeiras dos serviços públicos de saúde e gestantes, no México. As entrevistas foram gravadas em áudio, transcritas e analisadas tematicamente. Resultados: os mecanismos de políticas públicas projetados para reduzir a mortalidade materna em Morelos incluem o programa nacional "Even Start in Life", atendimento pré-natal prestado por profissionais de enfermagem e informações básicas às mulheres para reduzir a mortalidade materna. Os principais desafios para prestação adequada desses serviços incluem uma falta geral de coordenação entre os comitês relevantes e as partes interessadas e as barreiras que as mulheres enfrentam ao acessar os cuidados. Conclusões: existem ações muito limitadas no desenho de políticas públicas para redução da mortalidade materna lideradas pela equipe de enfermagem.(AU)

Objetivos: identificar los dispositivos de política pública para reducir la mortalidad materna y analizar la participación del personal de enfermería en estas acciones. Método: estudio cualitativo con entrevistas semiestructuradas a personal directivo, enfermeras de servicios públicos de salud y mujeres embarazadas, en México. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas en audio, transcritas y analizadas temáticamente. Resultados: los dispositivos de política pública diseñados para reducir la mortalidad materna en Morelos incluyen el programa nacional "Arranque Parejo en la Vida", control prenatal por enfermería e información básica a mujeres para reducir mortalidad materna. Los principales obstáculos para la implementación de estas acciones incluyen la falta de coordinación general entre los comités responsables y las partes interesadas y las barreras que enfrentan las mujeres para el acceso a servicios de salud. Conclusiones: existen acciones muy limitadas en el diseño de políticas públicas para reducir la mortalidad materna lideradas por el personal de enfermería.(AU)

Implementação dos Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas no contexto da regionalização da saúde no estado do Ceará, Brasil / Implementation of Dental Specialty Centers in the context of health regionalization in the state of Ceara, Brazil

Resumo O estudo tem como objetivo analisar a implementação regional dos Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas (CEO) no estado do Ceará. Trata-se de pesquisa avaliativa baseada em estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa. Realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas com 13 informantes-chave da gestão e da academia, complementadas por análise documental e observação não participante, no ano de 2018. A análise de conteúdo considerou o processo de regionalização e a trajetória da política de saúde bucal no estado. Observaram-se forte indução e liderança da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, que permitiram a inserção da saúde bucal no processo de regionalização da atenção à saúde. Houve implantação em larga escala de CEO Regionais, em contraposição à diretriz municipalista induzida pela política federal. Ressaltam-se como fatores facilitadores: a expertise dos atores estaduais envolvidos na condução da política, a antecipação da política estadual de saúde bucal às diretrizes nacionais e a implantação dos Consórcios Públicos de Saúde responsáveis pela organização e oferta dos serviços especializados nas regiões de saúde. A experiência do Ceará sugere a importância do enfoque regional para fortalecimento e consolidação do acesso integral à saúde bucal no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde.

Abstract The study aims to analyze the regional implementation of the Dental Specialty Centers (CEO) in the state of Ceara, Brazil. It is an evaluative research based on a case study with a qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 key informants from management and academia, complemented by document analysis and non-participant observation, in 2018. The content analysis considered the regionalization process and the trajectory of oral health policy in the state. There was a strong induction and leadership of the State Department of Health, which allowed the insertion of oral health in the process of regionalization of health care. There was a large-scale implementation of Regional CEOs, as opposed to the municipalist guideline induced by federal policy. The following stand out as facilitating factors: the expertise of the state actors involved in conducting the policy, the anticipation of the state oral health policy to national guidelines and the implementation of the Public Health Consortia responsible for organizing and offering specialized services in health regions. The experience of Ceara suggests the importance of the regional approach for strengthening and consolidating full access to oral health within the scope of the Unified Health System.

Prevalence and Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation and Other Arrhythmias in the General Older Population: Findings From the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care.

Aim: To study the prevalence and cumulative incidence of arrhythmias in the general population of adults aged 60 and older over a 6-year period. Study Design and Setting: Data were taken from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care (SNAC), a national, longitudinal, multidisciplinary study of the general elderly population (defined as 60 years of age or older). A 12-lead resting electrocardiography (ECG) was performed at baseline and 6-year follow-up. Results: The baseline prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) was 4.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] = [4.5%, 5.5%]), and other arrhythmias including ventricular premature complexes (VPCs), supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), and supraventricular extrasystole (SVES) were seen in 8.4% (7.7%, 9.0%) of the population. A first- or second-degree atrioventricular (AV) block was found in 7.1% of the population (95% CI = [6.5%, 7.7%]), and there were no significant differences between men and women in baseline arrhythmia prevalence. The 6-year cumulative incidence of AF was 4.1% (95% CI = [3.5%, 4.9%]), or 6.9/1,000 person-years (py; 95% CI = [5.7, 8.0]). The incidence of AF, other arrhythmias, AV block, and pacemaker-induced rhythm was significantly higher in men in all cohorts except for the oldest. Conclusion: Our data highlight the prevalence and incidence of arrhythmias, which rapidly increase with advancing age in the general population.

Implementing multiple intervention strategies in Dutch public health-related policy networks.

Improving public health requires multiple intervention strategies. Implementing such an intervention mix is supposed to require a multisectoral policy network. As evidence to support this assumption is scarce, we examined under which conditions public health-related policy networks were able to implement an intervention mix. Data were collected (2009-14) from 29 Dutch public health policy networks. Surveys were used to identify the number of policy sectors, participation of actors, level of trust, networking by the project leader, and intervention strategies implemented. Conditions sufficient for an intervention mix (≥3 of 4 non-educational strategies present) were determined in a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. A multisectoral policy network (≥7 of 14 sectors present) was neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition. In multisectoral networks, additionally required was either the active participation of network actors (≥50% actively involved) or active networking by the project leader (≥monthly contacts with network actors). In policy networks that included few sectors, a high level of trust (positive perceptions of each other's intentions) was needed-in the absence though of any of the other conditions. If the network actors were also actively involved, an extra requirement was active networking by the project leader. We conclude that the multisectoral composition of policy networks can contribute to the implementation of a variety of intervention strategies, but not without additional efforts. However, policy networks that include only few sectors are also able to implement an intervention mix. Here, trust seems to be the most important condition.

Understanding User Involvement in Research in Aging and Health.

User involvement in research is advocated as an avenue for efficient societal developments. In this article, we identify potentials, problems, and challenges related to research on aging and health, and identify and illustrate research priorities using an evolving research program as an example. Involving user representatives in the development phase, the UserAge program engages researchers at four universities in Sweden. The program builds upon previous and ongoing research with user involvement. The goals are to maximize the impact of user involvement, enhance the execution of high-quality research, increase the knowledge about what difference user involvement can make, and evaluate the impact of research about and with user involvement. Taken together and communicated in the international scientific community as well as in a wide range of public arenas, the empirical results, capacity-building, and modeling efforts of UserAge will have an impact not only on the present situation but also on the future.

Políticas de salud bucal en Colombia. Tendencias y puntos críticos para la garantía del derecho a la salud / Oral health policies in Colombia. Trends and critical issues for ensuring the right to health / Políticas de saúde bucal na Colômbia. Tendências e questões críticas para garantir o direito à saúde

Antecedentes: En Colombia, la salud bucal se incorporó como contenido de la atención en el sistema de salud a partir de la Ley 100 de 1993. Este cambio modificó la forma liberal del ejercicio profesional, que fue predominante desde su origen. Objetivo: caracterizar y analizar críticamente las políticas de salud bucal en Colombia en el periodo 1994-2017, respecto a la universalidad, la integralidad y la equidad. Análisis de la política: Se realizó una revisión descriptiva que incluyó normas, documentos técnicos, artículos científicos y de opinión. Se utilizó un enfoque histórico hermenéutico y una lectura crítica para interpretar las políticas, clasificadas en relación a la atención individual, la salud pública, y la formación y ejercicio profesional. Conclusiones: la atención odontológica en el sistema de salud incluye un conjunto amplio de procedimientos y tecnologías; sin embargo, la cobertura de la atención es baja y la inversión es insuficiente para garantizar la universalidad. Se identificaron políticas relacionadas con la adopción de medidas preventivas poblacionales, la vigilancia epidemiológica, el desarrollo de estudios poblacionales, la implementación de acciones colectivas en entornos y más recientemente, la formulación de políticas públicas territoriales; sin embargo, las políticas no tienen una clara articulación entre sí, y de estas con la atención individual. Las políticas relacionadas con la formación y el ejercicio laboral están orientadas por el mercado y la capacidad reguladora del Estado es débil. El desarrollo de políticas públicas en salud bucal es incipiente y desarticulado. Se requiere un mayor impulso a la investigación en este campo.

Background: In Colombia, oral health was incorporated as content of care in the health system, starting with Law 100 of 1993. This change modified the liberal form of professional practice that prevailed since the origin of the dental profession in the country. Purpose: characterize and critically analyze oral health policies in Colombia in the period 1994-2017, with respect to universality, integrality and equity. Policy analysis: A descriptive review was carried out that included standards, technical documents, scientific and opinion articles. A historical hermeneutic approach and a critical reading were used to interpret the policies, classified in relation to individual attention, public health, and professional training and practice. Conclusions: The contents of dental care in the health system include a broad set of procedures and technologies; however, coverage of care is low, and investment is insufficient to guarantee universality. We identified policies related to preventive population measures, epidemiological surveillance, the development of population studies, the implementation of collective actions in everyday life environments and, more recently, the formulation of territorial public policies; however, these policies do not have a clear articulation with each other, and of these with the processes of individual attention. The policies related to the training and work practice of dentistry are market oriented, with a weak regulatory capacity of the State. The development of public policies in oral health is incipient and disarticulated. A greater boost to research in this field is necessary.

Antecedentes: Na Colômbia, a saúde bucal foi incorporada como conteúdo de cuidado no sistema de saúde, a partir da Lei 100 de 1993. Essa mudança modificou a forma liberal de prática profissional que prevaleceu desde a origem da profissão odontológica no país. Objetivo: caracterizar e analisar criticamente as políticas de saúde bucal na Colômbia no período 1994-2017, no que diz respeito à universalidade, integralidade e eqüidade. Análise de políticas: Foi realizada uma revisão descritiva que incluiu normas, documentos técnicos, artigos científicos e de opinião. Utilizou-se uma abordagem histórico-hermenêutica e uma leitura crítica para interpretar as políticas, classificadas em relação à atenção individual, saúde pública e formação e prática profissional. Conclusões: O conteúdo do atendimento odontológico no sistema de saúde inclui um amplo conjunto de procedimentos e tecnologias; no entanto, a cobertura de atendimento é baixa e o investimento é insuficiente para garantir a universalidade. Foram identificadas políticas relacionadas a medidas preventivas da população, vigilância epidemiológica, desenvolvimento de estudos populacionais, implementação de ações coletivas em ambientes de vida cotidiana e, mais recentemente, a formulação de políticas públicas territoriais; no entanto, essas políticas não têm uma articulação clara entre si e, com elas, os processos de atenção individual. As políticas relacionadas à formação e prática de trabalho da odontologia são orientadas para o mercado, com fraca capacidade reguladora do Estado. O desenvolvimento de políticas públicas em saúde bucal é incipiente e desarticulado. Um maior impulso para a pesquisa neste campo é necessário.